Elections
 
 

a) GENERAL
 
 

Budge,I., et.al. Party Identification and Beyond
 
 

Castles,F. & P.Mair "Left and Right in Politics", EJPR, 1984.
 
 

Crewe,I. & D.Denver Electoral Change in Western Democracies
 
 

Dalton,R., et.al. Electoral Change in Advanced Societies

Flickinger,M. "Declining Turnout", WEP, 1992.

 Harrison,L., "Maximising Small Party Potential: the Effects of Electoral System Rules on the Far Right in German Sub-National Elections", German Politics, 6 (3), December 1997, pp.132-151
 
 

Harrop,M. & W.Miller Elections and Voters
 
 

Inglehart,R. & J.Rabier "Political realignment", Government & Opposition, 1986.
 
 

Kim,H. & R.C.Fording, 'Voter Ideology in Western Democracies, 1946-1989', EJPR, 33 (1), 1998

Ozbudun,E. "Comparative Elections", Comparative Politics, 1989.
 
 

Special Isue of EJPR 1990

b) SPAIN
 
 

Balfour,S. "`Bitter victory, sweet defeat'. The March elections in Spain", Government & Opposition, 31 (3), Summer 1996
 
 

Barnes,S.H., et.al. "Parties and Voters in Spain", Government & Opposition, 1986.
 
 

Lancaster,T. & M.Lewis-Beck "The Spanish Voter", Journal of Politics, 1986.
 
 

Marcus,J. "The 1982 Spanish Election", WEP, 1983.
 
 

McDonough,P. "Mass Politics in Spain", Comparative Political Studies, 1988.
 
 

Pollack,B. "The 1982 Spanish Election", Parliamentary Affairs, 1983.
 
 

Pollack,B. & G.Hunter "Spanish elections", Parliamentary Affairs, 1988.
 
 

Robinson,R. "The Spanish Election of 1986", WEP, 1987.
 
 

c) FRANCE
 
 

Bridgford,J. "French Municipal elections", Parliamentary Affairs, 1989.
 
 

Campbell,P. French Electoral Systems and Elections

Cole,A. "La France pour tous?- the French Presidential Elections", Government & Opposition, 30 (3), Summer 1995
 
 

Converse,P. & R.Pierce Political Representation in France

Frears,J. The 1988 French Elections", Government & Opposition, 1988.
 
 

Frears,J. Parties and Elections in the Fifth Republic

Guiraudon,V., "Thoughts on a Victory Unforetold", French Politics & Society, Spring 1997
 
 

Hainsworth,P. "Mitterand's Re-election", Parliamentary Affairs, 1989.
 
 

Hall,P. Developments in French Politics, ch.3
 
 

Hanley,D. "Socialism routed? The French legislative elections of 1993", Journal of Modern and Contemporary France, 4, 1993
 
 

Levy,D. "The 1986 French Elections", Government & Opposition, 1986.
 
 

Stevens,A. op.cit., ch.9
 
 

Wright,V. "The Change in France in 1981", Government & Opposition, 1981.
 
 

d) GERMANY
 
 

Baker,K.L., et.al. Germany Transformed, parts 3 & 4
 
 

Braunthal,G., "An Analysis of the German Elections of 1990", Politics and Society in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, 5, Summer 1993.
 
 

Burkett,A. Parties and Elections in West Germany
 
 

Finkel,S.E. & P.R. Schrott "Campaign effects on voter choice in the German election of 1990", BJPS, 25 (3) 1995
 
 

Fuchs,D. & R.Rohrschneider, 'Postmaterialism and Electoral Choice before and after German Reunification', WEP, 21 (2), 1998

Irving,R. & W.Paterson "The 1987 W.German Elections", Parliamentary Affairs, 1987.
 
 

Irving,R., et.al. "German unification and the elections", Parliamentary Affairs, 1991.
 
 

James,P. "The 1990 all-German elections", WEP, 1991.
 
 

Rattinger,H. "Voting in W.Germany, 1961-84", EJPR, 1986.
 
 

Roberts,G. "The 1987 Elections in W.Germany", WEP, 1987.
 
 

Smith,G. Developments in German Politics, ch.6
 
 

von Beyme,K. "The elections of December 1990", Government & Opposition, 1991.
 
 

e) ITALY
 
 

Buffacchi,V. "The coming of age of Italian democracy", Government & Opposition, 31 (3), Summer 1996
 
 

Donovan,M. "The 1987 Italian election", WEP, 1989.
 
 

Daniels,P. "The 1987 Italian election", Parliamentary Affairs, 1988.
 
 

Golden,M. "Italian Voters", EJPR, 1990.

 Katz,R. "Voting in Italy", Comparative Political Studies, 1986.
 
 

Mule,R., "Electoral Behaviour in Italy", EJPR, 23 (4), June 1993.
 
 

Partridge,H. "The Italian General Elections: Something New or More of the Same Thing?", Politics, 14 (3), 1994.
 
 

Sidoti,F. "The significance of the Italian Elections", Government & Opposition, 1994
 
 

Special Edition, EJPR, 'The Italian Elections of 1996', vol.34 (1), August 1998

f) SWEDEN
 
 

Knutsen,O. "Values and Voters in Scandinavia", Scandinavian Political Studies, 1989.
 
 

Sainsbury,D. "Class Voting in Scandinavia", EJPR, 1987.
 
 

Worlund,I. "The Swedish election of 1988", Scandinavian Political Studies, 1989.
 
 

Worlund,I. "The Swedish election of 1991", Scandinavian Political Studies, 1992.
 
 

Party Systems
 
 

a) GENERAL
 
 

Charlot,J. Political Parties
 
 

Daalder,H. & P.Mair Western European Party Systems
 
 

Gross,D. & L.Sigelman "Comparing Party Systems", Comparative Politics, 1984.
 
 

Henig,S. European Political Parties
 
 

Hodge,C. "The Supremacy of Parties", WEP, 1987.
 
 

Kitschelt,H. "The Left -Right Cleavage", Comparative Political Studies, 1990.
 
 

Kolinsky,E. Opposition in W.Europe
 
 

Kriesi,H., 'The Transformation of Cleavage Politics', EJPR, 33 (2), 1998

Lane,J. & S.Ersson Op.Cit., ch.5
 
 

Mair, P. (ed.) The West European Party System
 
 

Meny,Y. Op.cit., chs.1-2
 
 

Merkl,P.H. (ed.) West European Party Systems
 
 

Poguntke,T. "New Politics and the Party System", WEP, 1987.
 
 

Rabinowitz,G., et.al. "Party strategy in multi-party systems", Comparative Political Studies, 1991.
 
 

Raschke,J. "Parties in Western Democracies", EJPR, 1983.
 
 

Taggart,P., 'A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems', EJPR, 33 (3), 1998

Sartori,G. Parties and Party Systems
 
 

Schmitt,H. "Party attachment", WEP, 1989.
 
 

Shamir,M. "Are Party Systems Frozen?", Comparative Political Studies, 1984.
 
 

Smith,G. Politics in W.Europe, chs. 2-4
 
 

Special Issue of WEP 1984 on Party Politics in W.Europe
 
 

von Beyme,K. Political Parties in Western Democracies
 
 

Ware,A. "Parties and Democracy", Parliamentary Affairs, 1989.
 
 

Ware,A. "Party Systems in the 1990s: a decade of transformation?", Government & Opposition, 30 (3), Summer 1995
 
 

Wolinetz,S. "The Transformation of West European Parties", WEP, 1982.
 
 

Wolinetz,S. Parties and Party Systems
 
 

Zuckerman,A. "The Bases of Cohesion", Comparative Politics, 1989.
 
 

b) GERMANY
 
 

Betz,H.G. & H.A.Welsh "the PDS in the New German Party System", German Politics, 4 (3), December 1995
 
 

Conradt,D. The W.German Party System
 
 

Conradt,D. & D.Lambert "The Party System in W.Germany", Comparative Politics, 1974.
 
 

Helm,J. "Parties in W.Germany", Comparative Politics, 1984
 
 

Niedermayer, O. "Party System Change in East Germany", German Politics, 4 (3), December 1995
 
 

Pulzer,P. "Responsible Party Government and Stable Coalitions - the FRG", Political Studies, 1978.
 
 

Smith,G. Developments in W.German Politics, ch.7
 
 

Smith,G. "The Changing West German Party System", Government & Opposition, 1987.
 
 

c) FRANCE
 
 

Bell,D. French Political Parties
 
 

Hall,P. Developments in French Politics, ch.2
 
 

Sharpe,L. "Dogmatism and Pragmatism in France", WEP, 1982.
 
 

Stevens,A. op.cit., ch.8
 
 

d) SPAIN
 
 

Caciagli,M. "Spanish Parties and the Party System in Transition", in G.Pridham, The New Mediterranean Democracies.
 
 

Chhibber,P & M.Torcal, "Elite strategy, social cleavages and party systems in a new democracy", Comparative Political Studies, 30 (1), February 1997.
 
 

Cotalero,R. "Political Parties in Spain", EJPR, 1981.
 
 

Maravall,J. "Political Cleavages in Spain", Government & Opposition, 1979.
 
 

e) ITALY
 
 

Barts,L. "Anti-party sentiment and party system change in Italy", EJPR, 29 (3), April 1996
 
 

Golden,M. "The Italian Party System and the State", Comparative Politics, 1986.
 
 

Pridham,G. "Italian Parties", EJPR, 1984.
 
 

van Loenen,G. "The Italian Party System", EJPR, 1990.
 
 

f) SWEDEN
 
 

Holmberg,S. "Swedish political representation", Scandinavian Political Studies, 1989.

 ELECTORAL SYSTEMS

 Blais,A. "Classifying Electoral Systems", EJPR, 1988.
 
 

Bogdanor,V. & D.Butler Electoral Systems and their Consequences
 
 

Carstairs,A. A Short History of Electoral Systems in W.Europe
 
 

Cole,A. & P.Campbell French Electoral Systems
 
 

Harrop,M. & W.Miller Elections and Voters, ch.3
 
 

Hutchings,I. "The 5% Hurdle", World Politics, 1988.
 
 

James,P. "The W.German Electoral System 30 years on", Journal of Area Studies, 1981.
 
 

Jesse,E. "The W.German Electoral System - the case for reform", WEP, 1987.
 
 

Knapp,A. "France's Electoral System in 1986", WEP, 1987.
 
 

Lakeman,E. How Democracies Vote
 
 

Lipjhardt,A. & B.Grofman Choosing an Electoral System
 
 

Nilsson,S. "Comparing Electoral Systems", EJPR, 1981.
 
 

Pasquino,G. "A New Electoral Law for Italy", WEP 1989.
 
 

Special Issue of EJPR on Electoral Systems 1985
 
 

Taageperra,R. & M.Laaksa "Proportionality in W.European elections", EJPR, 1990.