Search our site
Search our site

Cells, Tissues and Organ Systems

  • Module code: PY5120
  • Year: 2019/0
  • Level: 5
  • Credits: 30
  • Pre-requisites: None
  • Co-requisites: None

Summary

This is a core module for the Foundation Degree in Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences. It introduces biomolecules commonly found in cells, tissues and organ systems that make up the human body. The module is designed to give you a detailed knowledge of how the human body works with particular reference to disease states when appropriate. The delivery relies on Canvas to provide the majority of the background information with tutorials supporting discussion of this material.

Aims

  • To further develop students' understanding of the biomolecular aspects of cells, tissues and organ systems.
  • To relate the structure of cells and tissues to their physiological function.
  • To show how different organ systems interact with each other in both physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
  • To explain how such organ system interactions regulate the functioning of the whole organism, especially in terms of homeostatic mechanisms.

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

  • Describe the structure, properties and functions of biomolecules
  • Relate with mechanistic detail the structure of cells and tissues to their function
  • Describe how the functioning of selected individual organ systems is integrated in the whole body
  • Relate human physiological systems to pathophysiological contexts
  • Perform physiological experiments, clearly and accurately record experimental data and critically interpret the results
  • Demonstrate report writing and independent learning skills.

Curriculum content

  • Structure, properties and functions of various biomolecules.
  • Metabolism of macromolecules including common sugars, lipids and amino acids
  • Characteristics of chromosomes, genes, DNA, RNA, processes of replication, transcription and translation.
  • Signalling, cell growth and differentiation including the role of hormones, neurotransmitters.
  • Role of enzymes in metabolic pathways.
  • Neurophysiology: Organisation of the nervous system, structure of neurones, function of neurones,
  • Resting potentials and passage of action potentials, synaptic transmission, the special senses,
  • Autonomic nerves and their functions, the neuromuscular junction, neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Endocrinology: hormones and homeostasis, positive and negative feedback, actions of hormones on cells, intracellular and extracellular receptors for hormones, common endocrinological disorders.
  • Muscle systems: different types of muscle, structure of different muscle types, excitation contraction coupling in striated muscle, the sliding filament theory, contraction in smooth muscles, pathophysiology of common muscle diseases.
  • Cardiovascular system: basic anatomy of the heart, blood flow to the heart, electrical pathways in the heart, Starling's Law, control of blood volume, measurement of heart rate and blood pressure, pathophysiology of cardiac diseases.
  • Respiratory system: control of breathing, acid-base balance, adaptations to breathing in different environments, clinical tests for assessing lung function, diseases affecting lung function.
  • Gastrointestinal physiology: function of the digestive system, mechanical breakdown of food, chemical breakdown of food, absorption of breakdown products into bloodstream and lymph system, structure and function of villi, malabsorption syndromes, role of the liver, and disease of the liver (jaundice, hepatitis and cirrhosis).
  • Renal physiology: superficial and sectional anatomy of the kidneys, the nephron as the functional unit in the kidney and the processes involved in urine formation, filtration, reabsorption and secretion, effect of antidiuretic hormones and aldosterone in controlling urine volume and concentration, composition of urine under normal circumstances and in various disease states.
  • Immune system: forms of immunity, properties of immunity, the immune response, T cells and cell-mediated immunity, B cells and antibody-mediated immunity, primary and secondary responses to antigen exposure, hormones of the immune system, development of resistance, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency diseases and allergies.

Teaching and learning strategy

Core concepts are discussed in keynote lectures by the module team. Lectures will introduce topics in accordance with the aims above and guide students in directed reading in preparation for feedback. Workshops/tutorials will involve discussion of the subjects covered in the lectures and lead students to their own private reading. Practical sessions will be set experiments in the laboratory, one practical per semester, with a report to be completed during the practical session. The practical in teaching block 2 will involve student peer assessment to guide a student's learning in practical report preparation. Furthermore, the student peer assessment will be moderated by the module leader to ensure consistency in marking. Students will be directed to further reading to support their learning. The blended learning approach taken in this module facilitates the development of independent learning key skills. Background material is presented through Canvas with tutorial and revision sessions being used to support learning and discussion of this material.

Breakdown of Teaching and Learning Hours

Definitive UNISTATS Category Indicative Description Hours
Scheduled learning and teaching Lectures laboratory practicals workshops revision tests/tutorials 44 7 10 20
Guided independent study Directed (essay preparation and practical report writing) and private study (lecture note consolidation/revision) 219
Total (number of credits x 10) 300

Assessment strategy

Background material is presented through Canvas with tutorial sessions being used to support learning and discussion of this material.

1: Two laboratory practical reports

Report writing is an essential part of learning within the higher educational scientific subject area. The portfolio of two practical reports (10% each) required to be written within this module as summative assessments should, combined with appropriate feedback during the practical session and following report submission, provide the student with ample report writing practice. Each report will be a maximum of 800 words, excluding references.

2: In module assessment

There will be two in module assessments; the first will be formative, and the second summative. Both of these will be in the form of an in class test. These tests will provide evidence of student engagement with the module and allow the student to gauge their progression during the 2 teaching blocks before they sit the final end of year examination. Both the formative and summative assessments will hopefully highlight any weaknesses in student knowledge/understanding at an early stage, thereby allowing appropriate action to be taken, as well as feeding forward to the end of module exam.

3: End of module exam

There will be a 3 hour end of module exam. The use of essay style questions in the final exam will assess amongst other learning outcomes the student's ability to demonstrate that they can describe how the functioning of selected individual organ systems is integrated in the whole person

Level 5 Foundation Degree students are required to pass a synoptic OSCE style assessment and a synoptic calculations test before they can transfer direct to Level 5 MPharm. This is the same requirement as for Level 4 MPharm students. These assessments are to assure that even at this Level the student is demonstrating the appropriate skills, knowledge, understanding and attributes to become a future pharmacist. Some of the learning in this module feeds forward into these synoptic assessments.

Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy (Indicative)

Learning Outcome Assessment Strategy
1) Describe the structure, properties and functions of biomolecules In class test Final exam
2) relate with mechanistic detail, structure of tissues and cells to their function In class test Final exam
3) Demonstrate report writing and independent learning skills Practical reports
4) describe how the functioning of individual organ systems is integrated in the whole body In class test Final exam
5) relate human physiological systems to pathophysiological contexts In class test Final exam
6) perform physiological experiments, clearly and accurately record experimental data and critically interpret the results Practical reports Feeds forward to synoptic calculations assessment (MPharm transfer only)

Elements of Assessment

Description of Assessment Definitive UNISTATS Categories Percentage
Written examination End of module exam 60%
Written examination In class test (In module assessment) 20%
Coursework Portfolio of practical reports (2 x 10%) (word count 800 words maximum, excluding references) 20%
Total (to equal 100%) 100%

Achieving a pass

It IS NOT a requirement that any element of assessment is passed separately in order to achieve an overall pass for the module. All students are subject to Fitness to Practice regulations in addition to the University Students Disciplinary procedures. To progress onto level 5 MPharm, students must pass both the module and the end of module exam component of each module.

Bibliography core texts

Goodman SR. Medical Cell Biology 3rd Ed, 2008 Academic Press (Elsevier)

Norman RI and Lodwick D. Flesh and Bones of Medical Cell Biology 2007 (Elsevier)

Stryer, Biochemistry 6th Edition, W.H. 7th Ed Freeman and Company, New York, 2011.

Martini, Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 9th Ed, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2011

Boron, W.F. and Boulpaep, E.L., Medical Physiology, Saunders, 2003

Bibliography recommended reading

Pollard, Earnshaw, Cell Biology, Saunders, 2002.

Kapit, Macey, Meisami, The Physiology Coloring Book, Harper Collins Publishers, Cambridge, 1987.

Alberts, Bray, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Watson, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publishing Inc., New York, 1987.

Aidley, D.J., The physiology of excitable cells. Cambridge University Press,1998

Berne, R.M. and Levy, M.N., Physiology. Mosby, 2004

Datta, S., Renal and urinary systems. Mosby, 2003

Bourke, S. J., Lecture notes on respiratory medicine. Blackwell, 2003

Berne, R.M. and Levy, M.N., Cardiovascular Physiology. Mosby, 2001

Find a course

Course finder

Find a course
>