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Geotechnical Engineering 1 and Hydraulics

  • Module code: CE5011
  • Year: 2018/9
  • Level: 5
  • Credits: 30
  • Pre-requisites: None
  • Co-requisites: None

Summary

This is a core module for level 5 Civil and Infrastructure Engineering students that builds upon the level 4 Module EG4013, developing the analysis and engineering design in hydraulics and geotechnics. The hydraulics section considers natural river courses and the conveyance of water through pipelines, culverts and canals. The geotechnics section concentrates on engineering geology, emphasising the influence of subsurface conditions on civil engineering design and construction; also covered are principles of effective stress and shear strength as well as their use in design. The analysis of groundwater seepage and the dewatering of below-ground works are linked to other aspects of civil engineering hydraulics. The module is primarily delivered through a programme of interactive sessions supported by an extensive laboratory programme and a week-long residential field trip.

Aims

  • To develop the application of physical principles of fluid flow to the analysis of pressurised systems and free surface flows
  • To demonstrate the use of semi-empirical equations, charts and tables in hydraulics and geotechnical design problems
  • To provide a foundation of understanding in engineering geology and appreciation of its importance to civil engineers
  • To expose the student to relevant issues in the application of hydraulics and geotechnics to civil engineering design including aspects of safety and sustainability.

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

  • analyse and design simple pipelines including pipes, valves, pumps and turbines
  • analyse open channel flows and seepage flows employing fundamental laws and empirical equations, charts and tables
  • describe the structure of the earth, the formation of rocks and soils, as well as geological and geomorphological concepts and their engineering implications
  • evaluate the theories of effective stress, shear strength and consolidation including their application to geotechnical design
  • analyse stresses in the ground due to applied loads and stress-strain relationships for soils via technical report submission and presentation on the practical implications of the findings
  • recognise the environmental and health and safety aspects of hydraulic and geotechnical engineering in construction.

Curriculum content

  • Dimensional analysis - the Buckingham Group method
  • Hydraulic Engineering - hydraulic design and analysis
  • Discharge and pressure in pipes
  • Pipe friction loss equations, secondary losses, energy and hydraulic grade line
  • Rotodynamic machines - pumps and turbines
  • Pipeline design
  • Steady uniform and steady rapidly varied open channel flow
  • Specific energy, critical depth, Froude Number
  • Momentum equation, stream force, hydraulic jumps
  • Flow measurement and control in open channels - weirs, flumes, sluices
  • Work in the hydraulics laboratory; pump characteristics, pipe friction, sluice gate, broad-crested weirs
  • Soil permeability and the seepage of water through soils
  • Flow nets; application to dam design, sheet piles and buoyant structures
  • Field course; regional geology, glaciations, engineering geology, geological construction materials, dam engineering, reservoirs and water transfer schemes
  • Geology - Structure of the earth and geological time; plate tectonics and geological processes, with an engineering/construction context
  • Weathering, engineering behaviour of rocks; geomorphology and aquifers
  • Effective stress theory; effect of total stress changes; pore pressure parameters; influence of seepage on effective stress
  • Seepage theory and soil permeability, construction of flow nets and their application, for example, to the design of earth dams and sheet piles
  • Shear strength of soil: triaxial and shear box tests; shear behaviour of fine and coarse grained soils; residual shear strength
  • Stresses in soil mass due to applied loads; stress-strain properties of soils; models of soil elasticity and plasticity and introduction to the mechanics of unsaturated soils
  • Consolidation theory; laboratory determination of consolidation parameters; application to settlement design
  • Ground improvement techniques including sustainability issues
  • Civil Engineering case studies including environmental impact and safety

Teaching and learning strategy

The module will be delivered through a variety of seminars, workshops and tutorials, along with an extensive laboratory practical programme and a five-day residential field course. Students' learning will be facilitated and supported in an active learning environment that includes problem and enquiry based learning where students will be expected to solve realistic problems using drawing and computation, along with some conceptual design. The practical component of the module is designed to provide students with some 'hands-on' skills required for experimentation in the hydraulics and geotechnics laboratories. Laboratories will also support the

theoretical material and assist students in developing interpersonal skills through group work collaboration and the production of group reports. Students will be expected to improve their skills in sketching and using spreadsheets for data analysis and graphical presentation.

The field course provides an opportunity for students to study the real environment, geological features and built infrastructure in order to deepen understanding of how the natural ground and geological processes affect construction in civil engineering. The module is designed to enhance employability by developing critical thinking, problem solving skills and independent judgment as required in civil engineering practice. All material will be made available on the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) along with further educational materials to guide their independent study.

Breakdown of Teaching and Learning Hours

Definitive UNISTATS Category Indicative Description Hours
Scheduled learning and teaching Interactive sessions including problem and enquiry based workshops Laboratory practicals Residential fieldwork 92 24 40
Guided independent study Independent and directed reading, completion of practicals, Use of online learning materials and study notes. 144
Total (number of credits x 10) 300

Assessment strategy

Summative assessment is through a portfolio of reports (2x25%) based on work in the hydraulics and geotechnics laboratories as well as residential field work. Typically the laboratory reports will comprise data collection, analysis, presentation and discussion, whilst the fieldwork is based on a field book carried out in the field. The module will conclude with a three-hour examination worth 50% of the module marks.

Formative assessment will be provided in the form of quick, regular and detailed feedback on laboratory reports facilitating improvement and feedforward for these reports throughout the academic year after the lab sessions. Final reports will highlight key findings and their practical implications - linking with the current practice. Students are encouraged throughout the module to attend the SEC Academic Success Centre (SASC) with their draft assignments for formative assessment on the academic content of their coursework.

Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy (Indicative)

Learning Outcome Assessment Strategy
1) analyse and design simple pipelines including pipes, valves, pumps and turbines Laboratory reports / examination
2) analyse open channel flows and seepage flows employing fundamental laws and empirical equations, charts and tables Laboratory reports / examination
3) describe the structure of the earth, the formation of rocks and soils, as well as geological and geomorphological concepts and their engineering implications Field course report / examination
4) evaluate the theories of effective stress, shear strength and consolidation including their application to geotechnical design Examination
5) analyse stresses in the ground due to applied loads and stress-strain relationships for soils Laboratory reports / examination
6) recognise the environmental and health and safety aspects of hydraulic engineering as well as assess geotechnical risk in construction works Field course report / examination

Elements of Assessment

Description of Assessment Definitive UNISTATS Categories Percentage
Written Examination Written Exam 50%
Portfolio for CW1 Coursework 1: lab and field work on hydraulics and geotechnics 25%
Portfolio for CW2 Coursework 2: lab and field work on hydraulics and geotechnics 25%
Total (to equal 100%) 100%

Achieving a pass

It IS NOT a requirement that any element of assessment is passed separately in order to achieve an overall pass for the module.

Bibliography core texts

Chadwick, A., Morfett, J. and Borthwick, M. (2013), Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Practice, E&FN Spon.

BS1377 Methods of Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes

Knappett and Craig (2012) Craig's Soil Mechanics, Taylor and Francis Ltd.

Toghill, P. (2004) The Geology of Britain - An Introduction, Airlife

Bibliography recommended reading

Hamill, L. (2011) Understanding Hydraulics, Palgrave

Clayton C.R.I. (2001) Managing geotechnical risk: improving productivity in UK building construction, DETR, ICE publication, Thomas Telford.

Waltham, T. (2009) Foundations of Engineering Geology. Spon Press

BS EN 1997 Eurocode 7 Geotechnical Design (parts 1, 2)

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