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Medical Physiology with Research Methods

  • Module code: LS5005
  • Year: 2018/9
  • Level: 5
  • Credits: 30
  • Pre-requisites: Successful completion of level 4 of a Life Science programme
  • Co-requisites: None

Summary

This is a core module for students studying Biomedical Science. The module aims to develop scientific, academic and research skills that were introduced at level 4, and to relate the application of these skills to the study of physiology. Research methods and employability skills are taught within the context of biomedical and associated employment opportunities. The module is designed to enhance students' understanding of the recurring physiological themes in non-communicable diseases, relating physiological systems to common chronic diseases and likely mechanisms involved. The module will further develop the study of human physiology from level 4, covering topics such as endocrinology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular, reproductive and respiratory physiology.

Aims

  • To develop students' research skills, including written communication, critical evaluation and statistical analysis of data.
  • To increase student awareness of employment opportunities and the skills and attributes required by employers.
  • To provide a knowledge and understanding of selected specialised physiological control systems and coordinated body functions.
  • To introduce selected methods of practical measurement in physiology

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

  • Appreciate the importance of experimental design in physiological research, and select, apply and interpret appropriate statistical tests for data analysis.
  • Locate, analyse and critically evaluate research papers, and demonstrate an awareness of ethical issues relating to biomedical research.
  • Present concise, analytical and objective scientific information relating to physiology in the form of essays and reports.
  • Reflect on their personal and academic skills, and to research potential employment opportunities in the biomedical and related industries, demonstrating an awareness of the attributes and skills needed to achieve their aspirations.
  • Discuss selected specialised physiological systems and pathological changes in such systems.
  • Perform selected physiological experiments accurately and safely, and record and analyse experimental data.

Curriculum content

Research Methods

  • Further statistics, experimental design & SPSS  - review and develop knowledge of experimental design and basic statistics, factorial ANOVA, analysis of covariance, repeated measures ANOVA, regression and multiple regression, non-parametric statistics.
  • Use of research literature databases, structure of research papers and reviews.
  • Critical evaluation of research papers and literature reviews
  • Scientific communication and presentation - essays, reports, citation of references.
  • Ethical issues in bioscientific research.

Employment skills

  • Career options relevant to biomedical sciences
  • Investigation of a business/industry, including skills, attributes and requirements of employees.
  • Self-reflection and articulation of skills developed.

Medical Physiology

  • Cardiovascular physiology: techniques used to assess cardiovascular function. Cardiac arrhythmias, factors affecting cardiac output in health and disease, the nature of vascular smooth muscle. Intrinsic and extrinsic control of arteriolar tone, specialised circulations, hypertension, central control of blood pressure, integrated cardiovascular responses in health and disease.
  • Respiratory physiology: Normal airway control; pathophysiology; symptoms and diagnosis of respiratory disease; lung function tests; pharmacological treatment of respiratory disease. 
  • Neurophysiology: Principles of sensory systems physiology; introduction to nociception and pain processing.  Motor control and motor neurons, control of motor function by the brain; maintenance of posture and balance. Selected examples of pathology of motor control.
  • Endocrine physiology: Homeostasis in the context of the regulation of metabolism and energy balance.   Interdependence of the metabolic processes of major tissues.  Absorptive-postabsorptive cycle. Control of appetite and satiety.
  • Reproductive physiology: Sex determination and differentiation; gametogenesis; hormonal control of reproductive function. The chronology of reproductive function. Female reproductive physiology; puberty, the menstrual cycle and the menopause. Male reproductive physiology; puberty, spermatogenesis and endocrine functioning of the testes. Selected examples of reproductive system abnormalities.

Teaching and learning strategy

This module has two 'strands' that deliver topics relating to physiology as well as generic scientific and employability skills.  The two strands interconnect so that the generic skills are delivered in the context of physiology and related topics.  The scientific skills element focuses on interactive, research-informed teaching that covers a range of essential skills including scientific writing, locating and critically evaluating research papers, experimental design and statistics, and ethical issues relating to scientific research.  An awareness of employability skills will be developed through the completion of a self-reflection log throughout the year and an investigation in to a relevant industry, including the knowledge and skills base required by employers.  The self-reflection log requires students to reflect on their academic and personal development and is discussed periodically with personal tutors.  Underlying theory and principles will be delivered through lectures, supported by workshops, meetings with personal tutors, guided independent study and materials supplied electronically on Canvas. 

The medical physiology element will consist of lectures, practical laboratory sessions (with pre-practical tutorials) in which knowledge and skills developed throughout the module will be applied, interactive quiz sessions, group discussions, review/revision sessions, and web-based exercises.

The scientific and employability skills will be inherently linked and associated with the physiology context of the module. Engagement in class discussions and completion of assignments facilitates the development of communication, numeracy, ICT and independent learning key skills.

Breakdown of Teaching and Learning Hours

Definitive UNISTATS Category Indicative Description Hours
Scheduled learning and teaching Lectures (57h) Laboratory practical classes (6h) Tutorials/seminars (13h) Workshops (12h) 88
Guided independent study 212
Total (number of credits x 10) 300

Assessment strategy

Summative assessments consist of (a) an essay to be assessed via the personal tutorial scheme (30%) which develops abilities in scientific writing and critical evaluation of published scientific literature that were introduced at level 4, (b) an on-line test on statistical analyses of scientific data (20%) and (c) an examination (50%) that assesses knowledge and understanding. Formative assessment includes a self-reflection log on scientific, academic and employability skills developed throughout the year, with discussion and feedback provided by personal tutors.  Full guidance for all assessments will be provided in lectures and seminars.  Practical laboratory classes will be formatively assessed and feedback provided in preparation for summative assessment in the examination.

Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy (Indicative)

Learning Outcome Assessment Strategy
Appreciate the importance of experimental design in physiological research, and select, apply and interpret appropriate statistical tests for data analysis. Practical laboratory proformas (F); statistics test (S);
Locate, analyse and critically evaluate research papers, and demonstrate an awareness of ethical issues relating to biological and physiological research Essay (S)
Present concise, analytical and objective scientific information relating to physiology in the form of essays, reports, scientific literature reviews. Essay (S), examination (S)
Reflect on their personal and academic skills, and to research potential employment opportunities in biomedical industries, demonstrating an awareness of the attributes and skills needed to achieve their aspirations. Self-reflection log & discussions in personal tutorials (F)
Discuss selected specialised physiological systems and pathological changes in such systems. Examination (S), Essay (S)
Perform selected physiological experiments accurately and safely, and record and analyse experimental data Practical laboratory proformas (F)

Elements of Assessment

Description of Assessment Definitive UNISTATS Categories Percentage
Formal Physiology examination Written Exam 50%
On-line statistics test Coursework 20%
Essay Coursework 30%
Total (to equal 100%) 100%

Achieving a pass

It IS NOT a requirement that any major element of assessment is passed separately in order to achieve an overall pass for the module.

Bibliography core texts

The most recent editions of:

Core Text(s):

Barrett K. E, Susan M. Barman S. M, Scott Boitano S. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, McGraw-Hill Companies.

Johnson S & Scott J. Study & Communication Skills for the Biosciences.  Oxford University Press.

Widmaier, E., Raff, H, Strang, K. Vander's Human Physiology, McGraw-Hill.

Bibliography recommended reading

Bear, Connor & Paradiso. Neuroscience, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.

Boron and Boulpaep. Medical Physiology

Field, A.  Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics.  4th Ed.  SAGE Publications Ltd.

Hall, Guyton and Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Saunders.

Klabunde. Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins

Levick Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology, Hodder Arnold.

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