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Research Methods in Exercise Science

  • Module code: LS5012
  • Year: 2018/9
  • Level: 5
  • Credits: 30
  • Pre-requisites: LS4007 Essentials in Exercise Science
  • Co-requisites: None

Summary

This is a core module in all Sport & Exercise Science undergraduate courses. The module's focus is on the approaches to research design, data collection techniques and appropriate analyses to make accurate interpretations.  It further investigates quantitative and qualitative research methods introduced at Level 4 and introduces students to more advanced techniques. The module provides an essential introduction to research ethics and the ethical approval procedures that are required when using human participants for research. Skills developed in this module will form the foundation of the final year project module. This module also provides an overview of how to recognise and develop key and transferable skills to enhance employability through relevant professional development and research experience.

Aims

  • To provide a working knowledge of qualitative and quantitative procedures appropriate for the completion of an undergraduate thesis in sport and exercise science.
  • To provide the skills and methodologies for undertaking original research.
  • To increase student awareness of employment opportunities and the skills and attributes required by employers.
  • To provide opportunities to enhance employability through professional and key skills development.

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

  • Perform and interpret qualitative analysis.
  • Perform and interpret quantitative analysis.
  • Formulate an original research question with a sound rationale based on the evaluation of relevant peer-reviewed literature.
  • Construct a viable research proposal that utilises an appropriate research design with due consideration for ethics.  
  • Reflect on their personal and academic skills, demonstrating an awareness of the Kingston Graduate attributes and skills needed to achieve their career aspirations.
  • Demonstrate the key skills of creative thinking, problem solving, communication (read, select, extract and collate information; produce a written report incorporating tables, charts, graphs and diagrams), numeric (collection of data; design recording formats; perform basic calculations), ICT (presentation of data; production of written report, search for and retrieve and store information), and independent learning.

Curriculum content

Employment skills

  • Career options relevant to the sport and exercise sciences relevant to the course being attended
  • Investigation of a business/industry, including skills, attributes and requirements of employees
  • Self-reflection and articulation of skills developed
  • Teamwork/project management including identifying skills, delegation, dealing with difficult individuals, project and people management etc.

Further Research Methods and Analysis

  • Quantitative and Qualitative methodologies, research designs and analysis.
  • The ontological and epistemological underpinnings of qualitative and quantitative research.
  • Qualitative research traditions/methodologies including case study, phenomenology, narrative, grounded theory, ethnography and mixed methods.
  • Methods of qualitative data collection including interviews, observation and focus groups.
  • Methods of qualitative analysis including thematic analysis, interpretive phenomenological analysis and grounded theory techniques.
  • Judging qualitative research via trustworthiness techniques (e.g. member checking) and alternative criteria (e.g. authenticity)
  • Quantitative research strategies including research design, validity and reliability. 
  • Assessing validity and reliability of experimental data including power calculations, intra-class correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, Cronbach's alpha and Bland and Altman-analysis.
  • Calculating values of central tendency and dispersion and testing the distribution of a data set.
  • Parametric and non-parametric statistics including tests of difference (ANOVA) and tests of association (regression) using appropriate software packages.
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • Producing figures for presenting visual displays of experimental data.
  • Identifying areas for research, developing a rationale and research question and writing a literature review.
  • Critical analysis in research.
  • Research ethics.
  • Writing a research proposal for level 6 independent study.
  • Pilot testing.
  • Key and transferable employability skills - Self-management, preparation for independent study, creative thinking and problem solving, networking, communication for recruiting participants,

Teaching and learning strategy

The module content and approaches to teaching and learning have been designed with the intent for co-creation of knowledge.  Learning related to research methods will be led by lectures, workshops and seminars to develop and practise the skills necessary to confidently and competently conduct research for the final year project module.  Underlying theory and principles will be delivered through lectures, but the emphasis on learning will be on the practical tasks and sharing of knowledge and understanding in seminars, workshops, meetings with personal tutors and guided independent study. It is an expectation that students arrive to the sessions suitably prepared to conduct all exercises and use the virtual learning environment (Canvas) and specified analysis packages to enhance understanding, remaining up to date with the weekly assignmentsThese exercises allow students to monitor both progress and understanding by continually reflecting on their learning and sharing their understanding in small group environments.  At the end of every session students are provided with opportunity to reflect and critically appraise their learning and identify what they understand and what they might need to do to improve their understanding.  In tandem with the academic research skills the module will also offer the opportunity for co-curricular activities centred on employability skills.  An awareness of employability skills will be developed through the completion of a formative PTS self-reflection log throughout the year and an investigation in to a relevant industry, including the knowledge and skills base required by employers.  The self-reflection log requires students to reflect on their academic and personal development and is discussed periodically with personal tutors.

In summary the module will be made up of keynote lectures, tutorials, seminars, workshops and independent guided study.

Breakdown of Teaching and Learning Hours

Definitive UNISTATS Category Indicative Description Hours
Scheduled learning and teaching Lectures 48 Seminars 10 Workshops 10 Tutorials 10 78
Guided/ independent study 222
Study abroad / placement
Total (number of credits x 10) 300

Assessment strategy

The assessment strategy is designed to provide a degree of personal choice and is engineered to allow the students opportunity for developing their own assessment literacies.  To achieve this, students will be provided with a range of formative feed forward activities (e.g., task based scenarios, case studies, practical exercises, role play) focussed on enriching their learning experiences and preparing them for their summative assessments.  Summative assessment will comprise three components of coursework typically involving data analysis assignments' and the production of an original independent research proposal for their final year project.  Formative assessment requires students to investigate a relevant industry of their choice and to provide evidence of the knowledge and key and transferable skills base required for the role.  To further enhance students' awareness of employability skills and opportunities students will further develop a self-reflection log to include reflection on skills developed throughout the year related to employability with feedback provided by personal tutors.

Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy (Indicative)

Learning Outcome Assessment Strategy
1) Perform and interpret qualitative analysis. Data analysis - coursework 1 (S).
2) Perform and interpret quantitative analysis. Data analysis - coursework 2 (S).
3) Formulate an original research question with a sound rationale based on the evaluation of relevant peer-reviewed literature. Research proposal – coursework 3 (S)
4) Construct a viable research proposal that utilises an appropriate research design with due consideration for ethics. Research proposal - coursework 3 (S)
5) Reflect on their personal and academic skills, demonstrating an awareness of the Kingston Graduate attributes and skills needed to achieve their career aspirations. Self-reflection log (F), investigation of careers and personal attributes (F) Research proposal - coursework 3 (S)
6) Demonstrate key skills of creative thinking, and problem solving, communication (produce written reports and/or oral presentations; incorporate tables, charts and diagrams in documents/presentations; collate information), numeracy (collect and analyse data), ICT (to present coursework; to obtain information), teamwork (working with others), and develop independent learning skills. Seminars group work and data analysis tutorials (F). Research proposal and data analysis coursework 1,2,3 (S).

Elements of Assessment

Description of Assessment Definitive UNISTATS Categories Percentage
Qualitative Analysis Coursework 25%
Quantitative Analysis Coursework 25%
Project Proposal Coursework 50%
Total (to equal 100%) 100%

Achieving a pass

It IS NOT a requirement that any major element of assessment is passed separately in order to achieve an overall pass for the module.

Bibliography core texts

Thomas, J.R. and Nelson, J.K. & Silverman, S.J. (2015). Research Methods in Physical Activity, 7th edn.  Champaign, IL:  Human Kinetics. 

Bibliography recommended reading

Bell, J. (2005). Doing Your Research Project. Open University Press.

Berg, K.E. & Latin, R.W. (2009). Essentials of Research Methods in Health, Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Recreation.  Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods, 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches, 3rd edn. London: Sage.

Davies, M.B. (2007). Doing a successful research project; using qualitative or quantitative methods. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Fallowfield, J.L. et al. (2005). Using statistics in sport and exercise science research. Chichester: Lotus Publishing.

Field, A. (2013).  Discovering Statistics using SPSS, 4th edn.  London: Sage.

Gratton, C. & Jones, I. (2015). Research Methods for sports studies, 3rd edn. New York, NY: Routledge.

Kerr, A.W., Hall, H.K., & Kozub, S. (2002). Doing Statistics with SPSS. London: Sage Publications.

Kinnear, P. R. & Gray, C. D. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics 19 Made Simple.  Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press Ltd. 

Mcnamee, M.J., Olivier, S., & Wainwright, P. (2006). Research Ethics in Exercise, Health and Sport Sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.

Patton, M.Q. (2015). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 4th edn. London: Sage.

Sparkes, A. C., & Smith, B. (2014). Qualitative research methods in sport, exercise and health: From process to product. London: Routledge.

Vincent, W.J. & Weir, J.P. (2012) Statistics in Kinesiology, 4th edn. Leeds: Human Kinetics.

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