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System Pharmacology

  • Module code: LS5010
  • Year: 2017/8
  • Level: 5
  • Credits: 30
  • Pre-requisites: Successful completion of level 4 Pharmacology
  • Co-requisites: LS5003

Summary

This module is a core requirement for all Pharmacology students. The module complements concepts delivered in Principles of Pharmacology with Research Methods (LS5003) and applies them to a number of physiological system disorders. The main feature of this module is, in each case, to study and discuss the disease pathophysiology and the types of drugs used in therapy of such disorders, alongside a rationale for their usage and any associated side effects.

Aims

  • To discuss the major disease states associated with the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine and nervous (peripheral and central) systems.
  • To discuss the current knowledge of clinical indications for, mechanisms of action of and adverse effects of drugs acting on these systems.

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

  • Discuss the clinical indications for, mechanisms of action and adverse effects produced by drugs acting on inflammatory responses and the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine and nervous systems (peripheral and central).
  • Critically evaluate experimental design and results generated.
  • Assess research based literature, and evaluate current state of knowledge of drugs acting on physiological systems

Curriculum content

  • Mediator Pharmacology: Role of chemical mediators in the inflammatory response. Anti-histamines and treatment of allergic disease. Drugs affecting eicosanoid action including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs i.e. cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitors, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors 5-FLAP inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists. Platelet activating factor antagonists.
  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology: vasodilators, diuretics and inotropic agents in the treatment of congestive heart failure with an emphasis on new therapies for heart failure e.g. adrenoceptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, neutral endopeptidase inhibitors, angiotensin II type I receptor blockers, vasopeptidase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, aldosterone receptor antagonists.
  • Drugs used in the treatment of arrhythmias which include sodium channel blockers, adrenoceptor blockers, potassium channel blockers, calcium channel blockers and other anti-arrhythmic agents. Use of drugs for the treatment of angina, organic nitrates, adrenoceptor blockers and calcium channel blockers. Antihypertensive drugs, to include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and, β-adrenoceptor blockers. Drugs affecting blood, for example thrombolytics, lipid lowering agents and anti-coagulants.
  • Respiratory Pharmacology: drugs used in the treatment of asthma which includes β-adrenergic agonists, corticosteroids and other agents such as theophylline. Use of drugs to treat and manage chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases e.g. corticosteroids and β-adrenergic agonists. Treatment of other respiratory disorders such as rhinitis and cough
  • Renal and Urogential Pharmacology: Description of agents which cause natriuresis and diuresis. Drugs to be studied include loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, osmotic diuretics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Drugs acting on urogenital smooth muscle which are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy, impotency and overactive bladder
  • Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: treatment of peptic ulcers with antimicrobial agents, histamine H2 receptor blockers, prostaglandins and proton pump inhibitors as well as more recent developments in the study of Helicobacter pylori. Therapies for other medical conditions involving the GI tract to include agents to combat diarrhoea and constipation as well as control of chemotherapy-induced emesis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Endocrine pharmacology: anti diabetic drugs, drugs acting on the thyroid, corticosteroids, sex hormones and their analogues.
  • Neuropharmacology: autonomic pharmacology, introduction to techniques relevant to the study of neuropharmacology, anti Parkinsonian drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, hypnotics and sedatives, drugs of dependence and abuse.

Teaching and learning strategy

Lectures will cover topics outlined above, the objective being to provide a broad overview of current pharmacological treatment approaches to a number of disease processes in physiological systems, including clinical indications.  It is expected however that students will engage in significant guided (tutor directed) and independent study in order to gain sufficient breadth of knowledge.  In support of this approach, relevant material will be made available on StudySpace (e.g. original research papers/review articles and case studies) and discussed in tutorial sessions.  Study in selected topics will be enhanced by the undertaking of practical laboratory work which will also enable students to develop skills in undertaking, recording, analysing and interpreting pharmacological measurements.  In support of this approach, tutorials will include sessions that consider aspects of practical work, including the use of appropriate analytical techniques.  This approach aims to develop general laboratory skills for use in the workplace, in addition to the learning of subject specific material. Students will meet with personal tutors periodically to discuss their personal and academic development, with particular emphasis on planning for careers within the pharmacology field.

Breakdown of Teaching and Learning Hours

Definitive UNISTATS Category Indicative Description Hours
Scheduled learning and teaching 51 hours of lectures/tutorials 3 practical sessions 2 presentation sessions 2 workshop sessions 75
Guided independent study Directed reading, problem solving and data handling 225
Study abroad / placement
Total (number of credits x 10) 300

Assessment strategy

Summative: Examination: 60%, Coursework, 40% (Practical Assessment 20%, Presentation 20%)

Formative: typically practical, presentations, peer assessed essay and practical data handling workshops.

A part of the strategy is to provide formative assessment as a means to prepare the student for elements of summative assessment.  This applies to both the practical and presentation components of assessed coursework in which the first of each undertaken over the course of the module will be a formative exercise that will enable a feed forward approach to be adopted. Specifically, formative feedback can be provided to inform preparation for the summatively assessed practical and presentation that take place later in the module.  These elements of assessment address not only subject specific material, but also transferable skills such as communication skills, data handling skills, and the development of ability to assess research based literature and powers of critical analysis.

The examination component of the summative assessment also serves to address assessment of subject specific knowledge and development of the skills necessary to attain this (e.g. assessment of research based literature)

Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy (Indicative)

Learning Outcome Assessment Strategy
Discuss clinical indications for, mechanisms of action and adverse effects produced by drugs acting on inflammatory responses and the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine and nervous systems (peripheral and central). Written examination (S), Practical (F/S), Presentation (F/S)
Critically evaluate experimental design and results generated. Written examination (S), Practical (F/S), Presentation (F)
Assess research based literature, and evaluate current state of knowledge of drugs acting on inflammatory responses and the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine and nervous systems (peripheral and central). Written examination (S), Practical (S), Presentation (F/S)

Elements of Assessment

Description of Assessment Definitive UNISTATS Categories Percentage
Written Exam MCQs and Essay 60%
Practical Exam Practical, Presentation 40%
Coursework
Total (to equal 100%) 100%

Achieving a pass

It IS NOT a requirement that any major assessment category is passed separately in order to achieve an overall pass for the module.

Bibliography core texts

The current edition of the following text

Dale, M M, Ritter, J M, Flower, R & Henderson, G, Rang, H P. Rang & Dale's Pharmacology Churchill Livingstone, Oxford.

Bibliography recommended reading

Waller, D.G., Renwick, A.G., Hillier, K. Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Elsevier Saunders, London

Relevant journal articles and reviews will be recommended by the module team on individual topics and will form a core part of the students' independent study within this module.

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